In the floating ball configuration, the ball is free to move in the lateral direction. Fluid pressure acting on the ball forces the ball into the seats, giving a tight seal. The floating ball is not used in high pressure and large sizes for two reasons. First, the high force of the ball against the seats can deform the seats and affect the low-pressure sealing characteristics of the valve. Second, the same force makes the valve difficult to operate, thus requiring a high torque to overcome the seating force at high-pressure differentials.
In the trunnion-mounted configuration, the ball rotates in a fixed position. The ball cannot move in the lateral direction because it is held in place by a shaft on the top and the bottom of the ball. The valve creates a seal by either fluid pressure forcing a floating seat ring against the ball or pro-stressing the seats and the ball. Stress can occur as a result of an interference fit between the ball and seal or as a result of a spring-type mechanism. The trunnion ball valve is easier to operate than the floating ball valve and is available in larger sizes and higher pressure classes.
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